COVID-19 presents major governance challenges. First, it requires a ‘whole of government’ approach – with joint activities and coherent decision-making across diverse ministries, public administrations, and agencies. Second, it requires a ‘whole of society’ response, where multiple levels of government work with the private sector, NGOs, and civil society in collaborative governance. Third, plans – and the teams put in place to deliver them – need to be adaptable due to uncertainty, imperfect information, and unclear scientific evidence. Read more